Which pathogens are considered bloodborne?

Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. The pathogens categorized as bloodborne include those specifically transmitted through blood and bodily fluids, posing a risk primarily in healthcare and cosmetic settings.

In this context, the correct response identifies Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as key examples of bloodborne pathogens. HBV is known to cause liver infections and has significant health implications, while HIV can lead to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), severely compromising the immune system. These viruses can be transmitted through direct contact with infected blood, thereby qualifying them as bloodborne.

Other options present pathogens that do not typically utilize blood as a transmission route. Rhinovirus and influenza are primarily spread through respiratory droplets, while E. coli and streptococcus are generally associated with gastrointestinal or respiratory infections, respectively. Fungi and protozoa, although they may have various transmission routes, are not classified specifically as bloodborne pathogens. Understanding the distinction between these groups helps in recognizing the necessary precautions and protocols for infection control in esthetics and healthcare settings.