What pH level is considered minimal and has little to no effect on skin?

A pH level of 4.5 is considered minimal and has little to no effect on skin because it is close to the natural pH level of human skin, which typically ranges between 4.5 and 5.5. This relatively low acidity helps maintain the skin’s barrier function, ensuring it remains healthy and properly hydrated. Products with a pH in this range are generally well-tolerated and unlikely to irritate the skin, making them suitable for a wide variety of skin types.

Higher pH levels, such as 6.0, can start to affect the skin's natural balance, leading to potential dryness or irritation, while levels lower than 4.5, like 3.5, may be too acidic and can disrupt the skin barrier, resulting in increased sensitivity or irritation. Thus, 4.5 is optimal for maintaining skin health without causing adverse effects.